Preface: Special issue from the Division on Energy, Resources and the Environment at EGU2020: Sharing geoscience online
Sonja Martens
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Fluid Systems Modelling,
Potsdam, 14473, Germany
Maren Brehme
Department of Geoscience and Engineering, TU Delft, CN Delft, 2628,
the Netherlands
Viktor J. Bruckman
Austrian IIASA Committee, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, 1010,
Austria
Christopher Juhlin
Department of Earth Sciences, Geophysics, Uppsala University, Uppsala,
75236, Sweden
Johannes Miocic
Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Freiburg,
Freiburg, 79104, Germany
Antonio P. Rinaldi
Swiss Seismological Service, ETH, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
Michael Kühn
GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Fluid Systems Modelling,
Potsdam, 14473, Germany
Institute of Geosciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, 14476,
Germany
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Thomas Kempka, Svenja Steding, and Michael Kühn
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Questions on issues such as anthropogenic earthquakes and deep geothermal energy developments require a better understanding of the fractured rock. Experiments conducted at reduced scales but with higher-resolution observations can shed some light. To this end, the BedrettoLab was recently established in an existing tunnel in Ticino, Switzerland, with preliminary efforts to characterize realistic rock mass behavior at the hectometer scale.
Monika Ivandic, Ayse Kaslilar, and Christopher Juhlin
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Seismic imaging while drilling (SWD) technology offers possibilities of imaging ahead of the drill-bit, which is valuable information for optimizing drilling efficiency. An SWD field test was carried out in August 2020 at an exploration drilling test site in Örebro, Sweden, with the aim to determine if the signals from hammer drilling can be used for seismic imaging around the drill-bit. A comparison with the seismic data generated with a conventional seismic source shows reasonable agreement.
Marco De Lucia, Michael Kühn, Alexander Lindemann, Max Lübke, and Bettina Schnor
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POET is a parallel reactive transport simulator which implements a mechanism to store and reuse previous results of geochemical simulations through distributed hash tables. POET parallelizes chemistry using a master/worker design with noncontiguous grid partitions to maximize its efficiency and load balance on shared-memory machines and compute clusters.
Michael Kühn and Leonard Grabow
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The geothermal reservoir at Waiwera has been subject to active exploitation for a long time. However, the continuous production of geothermal water, to supply hotels and spas, had a negative impact on the reservoir. The aim of this work was to link the influence of the abstraction rates to the measured water level data to derive reservoir properties. For the analysis, a modified deconvolution algorithm was implemented and shown to be applicable and in accordance to results of a pumping test.
Dirk Bosbach, Horst Geckeis, Frank Heberling, Olaf Kolditz, Michael Kühn, Katharina Müller, Thorsten Stumpf, and the iCROSS team
Saf. Nucl. Waste Disposal, 1, 85–87, https://doi.org/10.5194/sand-1-85-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/sand-1-85-2021, 2021
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The present contribution provides an overview on the collaborative project iCROSS and reports selected results. The impact of considering complex coupled processes in repository subsystems for the assessment of the integrity of a given (generic) repository arrangement will be discussed. The interdisciplinary team combines experimental work in the lab, in the underground rock laboratory and environmental simulations in order to achieve process understanding across variable scales.
Theresa Hennig and Michael Kühn
Adv. Geosci., 56, 97–105, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-56-97-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-56-97-2021, 2021
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Uranium migration in the Swiss Opalinus Clay is used as an example to quantify the influence of varying values of a stability constant in the underlying thermodynamic database within the law of mass action on the migration lengths. The difference of the stability constant of 1.33 log units lead to changed migration lengths of 5 m to 7 m. With a maximum diffusion distance of 22 m the influence of an uncertain stability constant is negligible for the host rock scale.
Morgan Tranter, Maria Wetzel, Marco De Lucia, and Michael Kühn
Adv. Geosci., 56, 57–65, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-56-57-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-56-57-2021, 2021
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Barite formation is an important factor for many use cases of the geological subsurface because it may change the rock.
In this modelling study, the replacement reaction of celestite to barite is investigated.
The steps that were identified to play a role are celestite dissolution followed by two-step precipitation of barite: spontaneous formation of small crystals and their subsequent growth.
Explicitly including the processes improve the usability of the models for quantified prediction.
Marco De Lucia and Michael Kühn
Adv. Geosci., 56, 33–43, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-56-33-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-56-33-2021, 2021
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RedModRphree is an R extension package to leverage the PHREEQC engine for geochemical models, providing convenience functions to efficiently setup computations and program algorithms involving geochemical models. Version 0.3.6 ships with a novel implementation of Pourbaix (potential/pH) diagram computation which considers the full speciation of the solution at each diagram point.
Viktor J. Bruckman, Gregor Giebel, Christopher Juhlin, Sonja Martens, Antonio P. Rinaldi, and Michael Kühn
Adv. Geosci., 56, 13–18, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-56-13-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-56-13-2021, 2021
Marco De Lucia and Michael Kühn
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 4713–4730, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-4713-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-4713-2021, 2021
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DecTree evaluates a hierarchical coupling method for reactive transport simulations in which pre-trained surrogate models are used to speed up the geochemical subprocess, and equation-based
full-physicssimulations are called only if the surrogate predictions are implausible. Furthermore, we devise and evaluate a decision tree surrogate approach designed to inject domain knowledge of the surrogate by defining engineered features based on law of mass action or stoichiometric reaction equations.
Puy Ayarza, José Ramón Martínez Catalán, Ana Martínez García, Juan Alcalde, Juvenal Andrés, José Fernando Simancas, Immaculada Palomeras, David Martí, Irene DeFelipe, Chris Juhlin, and Ramón Carbonell
Solid Earth, 12, 1515–1547, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1515-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1515-2021, 2021
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Vertical incidence seismic profiling on the Iberian Massif images a mid-crustal-scale discontinuity at the top of the reflective lower crust. This feature shows that upper- and lower-crustal reflections merge into it, suggesting that it has often behaved as a detachment. The orogen-scale extension of this discontinuity, present in Gondwanan and Avalonian affinity terranes into the Iberian Massif, demonstrates its relevance, leading us to interpret it as the Conrad discontinuity.
Alba Zappone, Antonio Pio Rinaldi, Melchior Grab, Quinn C. Wenning, Clément Roques, Claudio Madonna, Anne C. Obermann, Stefano M. Bernasconi, Matthias S. Brennwald, Rolf Kipfer, Florian Soom, Paul Cook, Yves Guglielmi, Christophe Nussbaum, Domenico Giardini, Marco Mazzotti, and Stefan Wiemer
Solid Earth, 12, 319–343, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-319-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-319-2021, 2021
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The success of the geological storage of carbon dioxide is linked to the availability at depth of a capable reservoir and an impermeable caprock. The sealing capacity of the caprock is a key parameter for long-term CO2 containment. Faults crosscutting the caprock might represent preferential pathways for CO2 to escape. A decameter-scale experiment on injection in a fault, monitored by an integrated network of multiparamerter sensors, sheds light on the mobility of fluids within the fault.
Melissa Präg, Ivy Becker, Christoph Hilgers, Thomas R. Walter, and Michael Kühn
Adv. Geosci., 54, 165–171, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-54-165-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-54-165-2020, 2020
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Utilization of geothermal reservoirs as alternative energy source is becoming increasingly important worldwide. Here, we studied the surface expression of a warm water reservoir in Waiwera, New Zealand, that has been known for many centuries but remained little explored. Using thermal infrared cameras we were able to show renewed activity of the hot springs on the beachfront and identified faults and fractures as important fluid pathways, as well as individual fluid conducting lithologies.
Michael Kühn, Natalie C. Nakaten, and Thomas Kempka
Adv. Geosci., 54, 173–178, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-54-173-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-54-173-2020, 2020
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Energy supply in Germany is subject to a profound change. The present paper addresses the German potential of storing excess energy from renewable power sources in the geological subsurface. Wind and solar electricity can be transformed into hydrogen, and with carbon dioxide subsequently into methane. The current potential for combined subsurface storage of methane and carbon dioxide allows to store far more than required to date and is estimated to provide the entire coverage in 2050.
Maria Wetzel, Thomas Kempka, and Michael Kühn
Adv. Geosci., 54, 33–39, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-54-33-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-54-33-2020, 2020
Johannes M. Miocic, Gareth Johnson, and Stuart M. V. Gilfillan
Solid Earth, 11, 1361–1374, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1361-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1361-2020, 2020
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At the St. Johns Dome, Arizona, CO2 naturally occurs in the subsurface, but there are travertine rocks on the surface which are an expression of CO2 leakage to the surface. These travertine deposits occur along faults, zones where the rock layers are fractured and displaced. In our research, we use geomechanical analysis to show that the CO2 leakage occurs at points where the faults are likely to be permeable due to the orientation of the geological stress field in the subsurface.
Marco Broccardo, Arnaud Mignan, Francesco Grigoli, Dimitrios Karvounis, Antonio Pio Rinaldi, Laurentiu Danciu, Hannes Hofmann, Claus Milkereit, Torsten Dahm, Günter Zimmermann, Vala Hjörleifsdóttir, and Stefan Wiemer
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1573–1593, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1573-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1573-2020, 2020
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This study presents a first-of-its-kind pre-drilling probabilistic induced seismic risk analysis for the Geldinganes (Iceland) deep-hydraulic stimulation. The results of the assessment indicate that the individual risk within a radius of 2 km around the injection point is below the safety limits. However, the analysis is affected by a large variability due to the presence of pre-drilling deep uncertainties. This suggests the need for online risk updating during the stimulation.
Dominik Zbinden, Antonio Pio Rinaldi, Tobias Diehl, and Stefan Wiemer
Solid Earth, 11, 909–933, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-909-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-909-2020, 2020
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The deep geothermal project in St. Gallen, Switzerland, aimed at generating electricity and heat. The fluid pumped into the underground caused hundreds of small earthquakes and one larger one felt by the local population. Here we use computer simulations to study the physical processes that led to the earthquakes. We find that gas present in the subsurface could have intensified the seismicity, which may have implications for future geothermal projects conducted in similar geological conditions.
Márk Somogyvári, Michael Kühn, and Sebastian Reich
Adv. Geosci., 49, 207–214, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-49-207-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-49-207-2019, 2019
Sonja Martens, Christopher Juhlin, Viktor J. Bruckman, Gregor Giebel, Thomas Nagel, Antonio P. Rinaldi, and Michael Kühn
Adv. Geosci., 49, 31–35, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-49-31-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-49-31-2019, 2019
Johannes M. Miocic, Gareth Johnson, and Clare E. Bond
Solid Earth, 10, 951–967, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-951-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-951-2019, 2019
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When carbon dioxide is introduced into the subsurface it will migrate upwards and can encounter faults, which, depending on their hydrogeological properties and composition, can form barriers or pathways for the migrating fluid. We analyse uncertainties associated with these properties in order to better understand the implications for the retention of CO2 in the subsurface. We show that faults that form seals for other fluids may not be seals for CO2, which has implications for storage sites.
Ruth A. Beckel and Christopher Juhlin
Solid Earth, 10, 581–598, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-581-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-581-2019, 2019
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Scandinavia is crossed by extensive fault scarps that have likely been caused by huge earthquakes when the ice sheets of the last glacial melted. Due to the inaccessibility of the terrain, reflection seismic data have to be collected along crooked lines, which reduces the imaging quality unless special corrections are applied. We developed a new correction method that is very tolerant to noise and used it to improve the reflection image of such a fault and refine its geological interpretation.
Michael Kühn and Tim Schöne
Adv. Geosci., 45, 235–241, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-45-235-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-45-235-2018, 2018
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The water level of the Waiwera geothermal reservoir increased in the hours and days after the Kaikoura earthquake on 14 November 2016. We determined in a continuous time series consisting of monthly means of water level data and pumping rates starting in 1986 if events above a certain strength alter groundwater dynamics at Waiwera. A clear correlation cannot be proven but none of the recorded earthquakes led to such a high energy density in Waiwera as the Kaikoura event did.
Sonja Martens, Christopher Juhlin, Viktor J. Bruckman, Kristen Mitchell, Luke Griffiths, and Michael Kühn
Adv. Geosci., 45, 163–166, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-45-163-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-45-163-2018, 2018
Christopher Juhlin, Peter Hedin, David G. Gee, Henning Lorenz, Thomas Kalscheuer, and Ping Yan
Solid Earth, 7, 769–787, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-769-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-769-2016, 2016
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For this paper, ca. 55 km high-resolution reflection seismic data were interpreted using constraints from magnetotelluric, potential field, and geological data. The resulting integrated geological-geophysical section through the central Caledonides in Sweden provides new insights about the regional tectonic setting, and supplies the basis for siting the second drill hole of the Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides (COSC) scientific drilling project.
Elena Tillner, Maria Langer, Thomas Kempka, and Michael Kühn
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1049–1067, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1049-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1049-2016, 2016
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The degree of shallow aquifer salinisation triggered by fluid injection into deeper brine-bearing aquifers and brine upward migration through hydraulically conductive faults strongly depends on the regional depth of the freshwater-saltwater boundary, since displaced brines originate only from the upper fault damage zones in the study area. The highest local salinity increase in shallow aquifers occurs in case of closed model boundaries and low fault damage zone volumes.
O. Ahmadi, C. Juhlin, M. Ask, and B. Lund
Solid Earth, 6, 621–632, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-621-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-621-2015, 2015
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The Pärvie fault system extends up to 155km, and its scarps have offsets of tens of meters at the surface in northern Sweden. These fault scarps are inferred to have formed during earthquakes with magnitudes up to 8 at the time of the last deglaciation. In this study, we have mapped the fault system to deeper levels, by a new 22km long 2-D seismic reflection profile. Based on the present and previous seismic data, locations for future boreholes for drilling into the fault system are proposed.
H. Lorenz, J.-E. Rosberg, C. Juhlin, L. Bjelm, B. S. G. Almqvist, T. Berthet, R. Conze, D. G. Gee, I. Klonowska, C. Pascal, K. Pedersen, N. M. W. Roberts, and C.-F. Tsang
Sci. Dril., 19, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-19-1-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-19-1-2015, 2015
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The Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides (COSC) scientific drilling project successfully drilled a 2.5km fully cored borehole (COSC-1) through allochthonous subduction-related high-grade metamorphic gneisses and into the underlying thrust zone. This paper summarizes the scientific rationale of the project and presents first preliminary results.
M. De Lucia, T. Kempka, and M. Kühn
Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 279–294, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-279-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-279-2015, 2015
J. Alcalde, D. Martí, C. Juhlin, A. Malehmir, D. Sopher, E. Saura, I. Marzán, P. Ayarza, A. Calahorrano, A. Pérez-Estaún, and R. Carbonell
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