In order to better understand both the fixation and migration of gases in evaporites, investigations were performed in five horizontal boreholes drilled in an underground potash seam. According to the He-isotopes, a small contribution of mantle gas can be found in the geogenic salt gas. We assume that CO₂ and CH₄ are related to volcanic activity, where they isotopically equilibrated at temperatures of 513 °C to 519 °C about 15 to 16 Ma ago.

The Solfatara volcano (Italy), is monitored by a thermal infrared camera ground network handled by INGV. The dataset processed in this work consists of daily maximum temperatures time-series from 25 April 2014 to 31 May 2019. After a pre-processing, PSD's were calculated, filtering in [15–120] day band, to check if characteristic periodicities exist. Most of the periodicities are ascribable to ambient factors, while 18.16 and 88.71 days have a possible endogenous origin.

A slow improvement in gender equality has occurred in Japan during the last 45 years. Only 16.7 % of academic staff in national universities were women in 2018. The percentage of female staff remains particularly low in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), accounting for 12.3 % in agriculture, 8.7 % in science, and 6.2 % in engineering. Japanese statistical data in academic and geoscience fields are described, with a discussion of possible causes such as unconscious bias.

This research focuses on the estimation of the HPAI recovery technique feasibility for the target field. Consequent laboratory-scale experiments and their further numerical modeling were performed. A kinetic model of reactions occurring during combustion was validated against experimental results. Important parameters obtained during the numerical simulation were used for the field upscaling. Four different field-wide development scenarios were considered to maximize oil production.

Thanks to the availability of a portable absolute gravimeter allowing field operations, in 2015 a dense absolute gravity network was established in Campi Flegrei and till 2019 five surveys were carried out. Results suggest that the present activity may be due to the alternating recharge/discharge of fluids in the surface hydrothermal system. They also confirms the feasibility of this methodology for volcano monitoring, and encourage replacing the relative networks with absolute ones.

Field courses can present significant challenges for students with disabilities. To better understand how to overcome these challenges we ran an accessible and inclusive residential field course for a diverse group of students. The most effective mitigations were the simplest and benefited the whole group: good communication of detailed information reduced anxiety, and alternative exercises for those unable to visit outcrops were designed to contribute unique data to a group enhanced inclusion.

As a way of measuring success in planetary science, we analyzed the participation of female scientists in ESA Solar System missions: we counted the original science team members of 10 missions over a period of 38 years and determined the percentage of women within each team. Although the number of female scientists in the field has been constantly increasing in Europe, we found that gender gaps that existed 38 years ago have persisted into the present.

This work provides updated scenario on the underrepresentation of women in the Italian university system in the area of geosciences in the last two decades. Data highlight an increase in the number of female full and associate professors whereas the low number of female non-permanent researchers raises strong concerns. Over different areas of geosciences, Paleontology represents the only field in which the gap is filled whereas all the other disciplines suffer a gender imbalance.

Between 1800 and 1929, female earth scientists existed in significant numbers: 210 are presented here, including newly discovered hydrogeologist Norah Dowell Stearns. Gender discrimination made access to university difficult and access to scientific careers even harder. They found several ways to overcome these difficulties thanks to the support of their parents or to the more ambiguous support of husbands or academic male mentors, through staying single, and through teamwork with other women.

The geosciences are one of the least diverse disciplines in the United States, despite the field's relevance to people's livelihoods and economies. Bias, discrimination and harassment present serious hurdles to diversifying the field. We summarize research on the factors that contribute to the persistence of hostile climates in the geosciences and other scientific disciplines and provide recommendations for cultural change through the role of mentoring networks and professional associations.

A similar proportion of women and men that submit applications to for example the European Research Council are successful in receiving funding. However, in this article we show that in all countries women are applying to a lower extent than their proportion of the workforce of researchers in the higher education sector would suggest, and men are therefore allocated disproportionally more research funds. We speculate on potential causes and hope to stimulate future investigations on this topic.

In marine research in Kiel (Germany), women are underrepresented in leading research positions. In our case study, we discuss innovative activities to improve gender equality in two large externally funded marine sciences research alliances: the Cluster of Excellence The Future Ocean and the Collaborative Research Centre 754 Climate–Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean. We show that progress towards gender equality was initiated by these time-bound third-party-funded projects.

The paper presents descriptive statistics of gender participation in ERC calls in the geosciences. The share of women applying for Starting Grants is on average around 30 %; for Consolidator Grants and Advanced Grants the share is around 25 % and 11 % respectively. Success rate analysis shows no significant gender disparities. The paper provides an overview of the ERC peer-review system, discusses results specific to the geosciences, and concludes with a review of past actions and future goals.

Scientific meetings and workshops are critical for career development, but attending these events can involve expensive travel. A survey of early career researchers found that cost prevented most respondents from attending important events and they frequently have needed to use personal funds. Replacing travel reimbursements with advances helps the financial burden. Addressing disparities in travel support will promote diversity in the next generation of polar scientists.

The paper reflects on the results of a survey carried out within the COST TN1301 Sci-Generation network among the holders of ERC starting grants originating from countries of Central and Eastern Europe. It is discussed how the the statistics of ERC starting grants is a mirror of host countries' and host institutions' ability to attract and keep the most talented young researchers.