Articles | Volume 56
https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-56-141-2021
https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-56-141-2021
23 Dec 2021
 | 23 Dec 2021

Storm Anatol over Europe in December 1999: impacts on societal and energy infrastructure

Anthony J. Kettle

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Cited articles

Air Worldwide: Three severe storms together were a wake-up call, Air Worldwide, Boston, Massachusetts, available at: https://www.air-worldwide.com/blog/posts/2019/12/three-severe-european-winter-storms-together-were-a-wake-up-call/ (last access: 21 November 2021), 19 December 2019. 
Alexandersson, H., Schmith, T., Iden, K., and Tuomenvirta, H.: Long-term variations of the storm climate over NW Europe, The Global Atmosphere and Ocean System, 6, 97–120, 1998. 
Berz, G.: Research and statistics on natural disasters in insurance and reinsurance companies, The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance, April 1984, Vol. 9, No. 31, From the Proceedings of the First Meeting of the International Working Group on: Natural Disasters and Insurance (II), 135–157, 1984. 
Brugge, R.: Weather Diary, available at: http://www.met.reading.ac.uk/~brugge/diary1999.html#1299 (last access: 21 November 2021), December 1999. 
Buizza, R. and Hollingsworth, A.: Severe weather prediction using the ECMWF EPS – The European Storms of December 1999, ECMWF Newsletter, No. 89, Winter 2000/01. 
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Short summary
Storm Anatol was a serious winter storm of northern Europe on 3–4 December 1999. There were hurricane force winds in Denmark leading large scale power outages, closed road networks, and building damage. There was also a serious storm surge along the North Sea coasts of Denmark, Germany, and Netherlands. A detailed analysis of tide gauge data around the North Sea is carried out to study the storm surge and short period fluctuations of water level, which may be linked with large waves.