We use uncrewed-aerial-system-derived optical and infrared data, mineralogical and geochemical analyses of rock samples, and surface degassing measurements to analyze degassing and hydrothermal alteration at the fumaroles of the La Fossa cone, Vulcano island, Italy. We give a detailed view of associated structures and dynamics, such as local alteration gradients, diffuse active units that significantly contribute to the total activity, or effects of permeability reduction and surface sealing. 

The newly established geodynamic laboratory aims to develop modern, comprehensive, multiparameter observations at depth for studying earthquake swarms, crustal fluid flow, mantle-derived fluid degassing and processes of the deep biosphere. It is located in the West Bohemia–Vogtland (western Eger Rift) geodynamic region and comprises a set of five shallow boreholes with high-frequency 3-D seismic arrays as well as continuous real-time fluid monitoring at depth and the study of the deep biosphere.

In order to better understand both the fixation and migration of gases in evaporites, investigations were performed in five horizontal boreholes drilled in an underground potash seam. According to the He-isotopes, a small contribution of mantle gas can be found in the geogenic salt gas. We assume that CO₂ and CH₄ are related to volcanic activity, where they isotopically equilibrated at temperatures of 513 °C to 519 °C about 15 to 16 Ma ago.