Dominiak, S. and Terray, P.: Improvement of ENSO prediction using a linear regression model with a southern Indian Ocean sea surface temperature predictor, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, 1–4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023153, 2005.
ECMWF: ERA-Interim SST data, available at: http://www.ecmwf.int/en/research/climate-reanalysis/era-interim, last access: 18 August 2016.
Hasselmann, K.: PIPs and POPs: The reduction of complex dynamical systems using principal interaction and oscillation patterns, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 11015, https://doi.org/10.1029/JD093iD09p11015, 1988.
Holland, M. M., Bitz, C. M., and Hunke, E. C.: Mechanisms forcing an Antarctic dipole in simulated sea ice and surface ocean conditions, J. Climate, 18, 2052–2066, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3396.1, 2005.
Hollingsworth, A., Arpe, K., Tiedtke, M., Capaldo, M., and Savijärvi, H.: The Performance of a Medium-Range Forecast Model in Winter – Impact of Physical Parameterizations, Mon. Weather Rev., 108, 1736–1773, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108<1736:TPOAMR>2.0.CO;2, 1980.
Izumo, T., Vialard, J., Lengaigne, M., de Boyer Montegut, C., Behera, S. K., Luo, J.-J., Cravatte, S., Masson, S., and Yamagata, T.: Influence of the state of the Indian Ocean Dipole on the following year's El Niño, Nat. Geosci., 3, 168–172, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo760, 2010.
Keenlyside, N. S., Ding, H., and Latif, M.: Potential of equatorial Atlantic variability to enhance El Niño prediction, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 2278–2283, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50362, 2013.
Kirtman, B., Anderson, D., Brunet, G., Kang, I., Scaife, A., and Smith, D.: Prediction from weeks to decades, in: Climate science for serving, 205–235, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6692-1, 2013,
Luo, J. J., Zhang, R., Behera, S. K., Masumoto, Y., Jin, F. F., Lukas, R., and Yamagata, T.: Interaction between El Niño and extreme Indian Ocean dipole, J. Climate, 23, 726–742, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI3104.1, 2010.
Mears, C. A. and Wentz, F. J.: Construction of the remote sensing systems V3.2 atmospheric temperature records from the MSU and AMSU microwave sounders, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 26, 1040–1056, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JTECHA1176.1, 2009.
Meinen, C. S. and McPhaden, M. J.: Observations of Warm Water Volume Changes in the Equatorial Pacific and Their Relationship to El Niño and La Niña, J. Climate, 13, 3551–3559, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<3551:OOWWVC>2.0.CO;2, 2000.
NOAA: Climate Indexes, MTT field and the SODA data, available at: http://www.cpc.noaa.gov, last access: 18 August 2016.
Penland, C. and Magorian, T.: Prediction of Niño3 sea surface temperatures using linear inverse modeling, J. Climate, 6, 1067–1076, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<1067:PONSST>2.0.CO;2, 1993.
Penland, C. and Matrosova, L.: Prediction of Tropical Atlantic Sea Surface Temperatures Using Linear Inverse Modeling, J. Climate, 11, 483–496, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<0483:POTASS>2.0.CO;2, 1998.
Penland, C. and Sardeshmukh, P. D.: The Optimal Growth of Tropical Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies, J. Climate, 8, 1999–2024, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<1999:TOGOTS>2.0.CO;2, 1995.
Philander, S. G.: A review of tropical ocean-atmosphere interactions, Tellus B, 51, 71–90, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v51i1.12307, 1999.
Rodríguez-Fonseca, B., Polo, I., García-Serrano, J., Losada, T., Mohino, E., Mechoso, C. R., and Kucharski, F.: Are Atlantic Niños enhancing Pacific ENSO events in recent decades?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L20705.1–L20705.6, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL040048, 2009.
Stepanov, V. N.: Modeling of El Niño events using a simple model, Oceanology, 49, 310–319, https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001437009030023, 2009.
Tasambay-Salazar, M., OrtizBeviá, M. J., Alvarez-García, F. J., and RuizdeElvira, A. M.: An estimation of ENSO predictability from its seasonal teleconnections, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 122, 383–399, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-015-1546-3, 2015a.
Tasambay-Salazar, M., OrtizBeviá, M. J., Alvarez-García, F. J., and RuizdeElvira, A. M.: The Niño3.4 region predictability beyond the persistence barrier, Tellus A, 67, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v67.27457, 2015b.
Terray, P.: Southern Hemisphere extra-tropical forcing: A new paradigm for El Niño-Southern Oscillation, Clim. Dynam., 36, 2171–2199, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-010-0825-z, 2011.
Trenberth, K. E.: The Definition of El Niño, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 78, 2771–2777, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<2771:TDOENO>2.0.CO;2, 1997.
Vimont, D. J., Alexander, M., and Fontaine, A.: Midlatitude excitation of tropical variability in the pacific: The role of thermodynamic coupling and seasonality, J. Climate, 22, 518–534, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2220.1, 2009.
Von Storch, H., Burger, G., Schnur, R. and Von Storch, J. S.: Principal oscillation patterns: a review, J. Climate, 8, 377–400, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<0377:POPAR>2.0.CO;2, 1995.
Zebiak, S. E. and Cane, M. A.: A model El Niño-Southern Oscillation, Mon. Weather Rev., 115, 2262–2278, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115<2262:AMENO>2.0.CO;2, 1987.