<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/nlm-dtd/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ADGEO</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Advances in Geosciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ADGEO</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Adv. Geosci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1680-7359</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/adgeo-9-31-2006</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Analysis of runoff for the Baltic basin with an integrated Atmospheric-Ocean-Hydrology Model</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Richter</surname>
<given-names>K.-G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ebel</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Consulting Engineers Dr.-Ing. Karl Ludwig, Herrenstr. 14, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>26</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>9</volume>
<fpage>31</fpage>
<lpage>37</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2006 K.-G. Richter</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2006</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 Generic License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://adgeo.copernicus.org/articles/9/31/2006/adgeo-9-31-2006.html">This article is available from https://adgeo.copernicus.org/articles/9/31/2006/adgeo-9-31-2006.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://adgeo.copernicus.org/articles/9/31/2006/adgeo-9-31-2006.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://adgeo.copernicus.org/articles/9/31/2006/adgeo-9-31-2006.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>A fully integrated Atmospheric-Ocean-Hydrology Model (BALTIMOS = Baltic
Integrated Model System) has been developed using existing model components.
Experiment and model design has been adapted to the Baltic basin with a
catchment area of approximately 1 750 000 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. A comprehensive model
validation has been completed using large meteorological and hydrological
measurement database. Comparing the calculated runoff from the integrated
and non-integrated model system with measurements for three different
representative subbasins and the entire Baltic basin, the effect of the
integrated model is described. The results display a good agreement between
measured and calculated runoff. The effect of the integrated model is rather
negligible looking at computed mean values: There is no significant
difference between mean monthly runoff of the integrated and non-integrated
model during the year with the exception of spring. There is a delay of one
month with regard to peak runoff for the non-integrated model in spring
caused by different interactive processes during the melting period.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="7"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
<ref-list>
<title>References</title>
<ref id="ref1">
<label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Allen, P. M., Arnold, J. G., and Byars, B. W.: Downstream channel geometry for use in planning level models, Water Resour. Bull., 30, 4, 663&amp;ndash;671, 1994. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref2">
<label>2</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Bremicker, M.: Das Wasserhaushaltsmodell LARSIM-Modellgrundlagen und Anwendungsbeispiele, Freiburger Schriften zur Hydrologie, Band 11, 2000. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref3">
<label>3</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Dickenson, R. E., Henderson-Sellers, A., Kennedy, P. J., and Wilson, M. F.: Biosphere-atmosphere transfer scheme (BATS) for the NCAR Community Climate Model. Tech. Note NCAR/TN-275+STR, Nat. Cent. for Atmos. Res., Boulder, Colorado, 1986. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref4">
<label>4</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> DCW: Digital Chart of the World , Edition 1, Defense Mapping Agency, Fairfax, USA, 1992. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref5">
<label>5</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> DKRZ: The ECHAM 3 Atmospheric General Circulation Model, Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum, Technical Report No. 6, Revision 3, July 1994, Hamburg, 1994. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref6">
<label>6</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Dümenil, L., Todini, E.: A rainfall-runoff scheme for use in the Hamburg climate model, in: Advances In Theoretical Hydrology, A tribute to James Dooge, European Geophysical Society Series on Hydrological Sciences, 1, Elsevier, 129&amp;ndash;157, 1992. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref7">
<label>7</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Henderson-Sellers, A., Pitman, A., and Love, P. K.: The Project for Intercomparison of Land-Surface Parameterisation Schemes (PILPS: Pase 2 and 3), Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc., 94, 489&amp;ndash;503, 1995. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref8">
<label>8</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Jacob, D.: A note to simulation of the Annual and Interannual Variability of the Water Budget over the Baltic Sea Drainage Basin, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 77, 1&amp;ndash;4, 61&amp;ndash;74, 2001. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref9">
<label>9</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Lehmann, A.: A three-dimensional baroclinic eddy-resolving model of the Baltic Sea, Tellus, 47A, 1013&amp;ndash;1031, 1995.  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref10">
<label>10</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Leopold, L. B. and Maddock Jr., T.: The hydraulic geometry of stream channels and some physiographic implications, Geological Survey Professional Paper 252, United States Goverment Printing Office, Washington, 1953. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref11">
<label>11</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Pitman, A. J., Henderson-Sellers, A., Abramopoulos, F., Avissar, R., Bonan, G., Boone, A., Dickinson, R. E., Ek, M., Entekhabi, D., Famiglietti, J., Garratt, J. R., Frech, M., Hahmann, A., Koster, R., Kowalczyk, E., Laval, K., Lean, J., Lee, T. J., Lettenmaier, D., Liang, X., Mahfouf, J.-F., Mahrt, L., Milly, P. C. D., Mitchell, K., de Noblet, N., Noilhan, J., Pan, H., Pielke, R., Robock, A., Rosenzweig, C., Schlosser, C. A., Scott, R., Suarez, M., Thompson, S., Verseghy, D., Wetzel, P., Wood, E., Xue, Y., Yang, Z.-L., and Zhang, L.: Project for Intercomparison of Land-Surface Parameterization Schemes (PILPS), Results from off-line control simulations, GEWEX Report, IGPO Publication Series No.&amp;nbsp;7, 1993. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref12">
<label>12</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Richter, K.-G. and Ebel, M.: Analysis of the Water Cycle of the Baltic Area under present and future Conditions, German Climate Research Program (2001 &amp;ndash;2006), DEKLIM Status Seminar 2003, Bad Münstereifel, 6&amp;ndash;8 Oktober 2003, 205&amp;ndash;206, 2003. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref13">
<label>13</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Richter, K.-G., Lorenz, P., Ebel, M., and Jacob, D.: Analysis of the Water Cycle for the BALTEX Basin wizhin an Integrated Atmospheric Hydrological Ocean Model. Fourth Study Conference on BALTEX, Gudhjem, Bornholn, Denmark, 24&amp;ndash;28 May 2004, ISSN 1681-6471, 2004. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref14">
<label>14</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Sevruk, B.: Project for Intercomparison of Land-Surface Parameterisation Schemes (PILPS), Technical report 7, International GEWEX Project Office (IGPO), Technical Report 7, Washington D.C, 1991. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref15">
<label>15</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> U.S.G.S: U.S. Geological Survey: Digital elevation models, data user guide 5, Reston, Virginia, 50 p., 1993. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref16">
<label>16</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Viterbo, P.: The representation of surface processes in general circulation models, PhD thesis, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK, 1996. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref17">
<label>17</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Wigmosta, M. S., Lance, L. W., and Lettenmaier, D. P.: A distributed hydrology-vegetation model for complex terrain, Water Resour. Res., 30, 6, 1665&amp;ndash;1679, 1994. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref18">
<label>18</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Williams, J. R.: Flood routing with variable travel time or variable storage coefficients, Transactions of the ASAE, p.&amp;nbsp;100, 1969.  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>